Afatinib, a potent 4-anilinoquinazoline tyrosine kinase inhibitor presented as a dimaleate salt under the brand name Gilotrif by Boehringer Ingelheim, stands as a pioneering treatment in oncology. Designed for oral administration, afatinib tablets serve as a frontline therapy for patients grappling with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, identified through FDA-approved testing. This breakthrough medication represents Boehringer Ingelheim's inaugural FDA-approved oncology product, marking a significant milestone in the company's commitment to advancing cancer care. By selectively inhibiting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, afatinib disrupts cancer, thwarting tumor growth and progression. With its proven efficacy and safety profile, Gilotrif has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic option, offering newfound hope and improved outcomes for patients confronting the challenges of advanced NSCLC.